Volk, Dzhanibekov and Savitskaya launched on Jfrom Russia's Baikonur Cosmodrome (now located in Kazakhstan). As such, Volk was initially named to fly with Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov to the Salyut 7 space station in 1983, to provide him the experience needed to lead the first flight of the Buran.Īnother failed docking mission however, resulted in Kizim and Solovyov being reassigned to a later launch and Volk being added to the Soyuz T-12 mission crew with Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Svetlana Savitskaya, the latter being the world's second woman to fly into space making her second spaceflight.Ĭosmonaut Igor Volk training in a Soyuz simulator. In the wake of a two-man, all-rookie Soyuz crew failing to dock to the Salyut 6 station, a new rule was instituted by the Soviet space program that every crew had to include at least one person who had previously flown into space. Volk might have then waited for a mission on board the winged orbiter - a flight that would ultimately never come - were it not for an aborted space station docking three years earlier. space shuttle, Volk passed basic cosmonaut training and qualified for a spaceflight assignment in 1980. The biggest space exhibit in Russia, weighing 50 tons, was moved 15 km, from the Gorky Park to VDNH, in just 6 hours.Selected in July 1977 among the first group of civilian test pilots for the Buran, the Soviet Union's answer to the U.S. It was a one-of-a-kind transport operation it took place on the night between the 5th and 6th of July. In 2014, the replica of Buran BTS-001 was moved to VDNH. In 2011, when global reconstruction works started in Gorky Park, the Buran replica was closed. For a long time, it was used merely as an attraction. In 2002, the only Buran shuttle to fly to space was destroyed by a roof collapse at the assembly and testing facility at Baikonur, where the legendary spaceplane was being stored alongside complete Energia launch vehicles.Ī full-scale model of the Buran shuttle was installed in Gorky Park in 1993 after the test programme was completed. Work on the Energia-Buran programme was suspended in 1990, and the programme was closed for good in 1993. A number of technical solutions developed during the creation of Buran are still used in rocket and space technology today. These inventions remained with various research institutes and production associations after the end of the programme. The spacecraft's flight into space and automated return to Earth under the guidance of the on-board computer earned it a place in the Guinness Book of Records.ĭuring work on the Buran project, several prototypes for the mission's dynamics, electronics, airfield and other factors were devised and tested. The flight operated automatically using an on-board computer and on-board software, unlike traditional manned NASA shuttle landings (atmospheric re-entry and slowing to the speed of sound are fully computerised in both cases). The flight's time was 205 minutes: the spacecraft completed two orbits around the Earth and then returned to the launch site, the Yubileiny airfield at Baikonur. The spacecraft was launched from Baikonur with the help of an Energiya rocket launcher. The only flight of the orbital spaceplane Buran BTS-001 took place on 15 November 1988.
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